Professional term for film/tape footage used in news and current affairs broadcasts, which records events as they happen.
Contrasted with studio presentation (talking heads) and with archive (stock) footage.
In semiotic analysis, actuality is seen as a key device in producing ideological closure, by anchoring the preferred reading on the apparently unarguable ‘facts’ of the event-asfilmed.
Actuality is presented as self-evident; the production processes are rarely shown, so that viewers are encouraged to make sense of the footage in terms of the event, and not of the way it is represented. However, actuality rarely appears on the screen without an accompanying commentary – and considerable professional skill is expended on contextualizing it for the ‘benefit’ of viewers. As Peter Sissons, a British news presenter has put it:
Let’s remember that although a picture can tell the story, only a word can put it into its historical perspective, can caution against gullibility, can weigh the true significance of the event.
(Independent Broadcasting, 1982)
In short, actuality is a device for naturalizing meaning (it proposes the cultural as natural); it provides an excuse for commentary.
Contrasted with studio presentation (talking heads) and with archive (stock) footage.
In semiotic analysis, actuality is seen as a key device in producing ideological closure, by anchoring the preferred reading on the apparently unarguable ‘facts’ of the event-asfilmed.
Actuality is presented as self-evident; the production processes are rarely shown, so that viewers are encouraged to make sense of the footage in terms of the event, and not of the way it is represented. However, actuality rarely appears on the screen without an accompanying commentary – and considerable professional skill is expended on contextualizing it for the ‘benefit’ of viewers. As Peter Sissons, a British news presenter has put it:
Let’s remember that although a picture can tell the story, only a word can put it into its historical perspective, can caution against gullibility, can weigh the true significance of the event.
(Independent Broadcasting, 1982)
In short, actuality is a device for naturalizing meaning (it proposes the cultural as natural); it provides an excuse for commentary.
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